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Business Planning
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What form should your business take?
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A proprietorship, a partnership, a limited liability company (LLC), and a corporation are all possibilities. We discuss these options with you, often consulting with your accountant, and help you to choose the form of business that accomplishes your goals with the least amount of complication.
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A proprietorship is as simple as hanging out your shingle: you are the sole owner. You claim the income and expenses of the business on schedule "C" of your personal income tax return. A proprietorship does not file a separate tax return.
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A partnership is a business arrangement that involves two or more partners. The partnership files its own tax return. Profits or losses are passed through to the partners. Most partners enter into a written partnership agreement that details:
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A limited liability company (LLC) has the protection of limiting a member's liability. A member purchases units of ownership of the LLC and the member's liability is limited to the cost of the units. If you (or you and your spouse) set up a business as an LLC you can choose to have the LLC taxed like a proprietorship for federal income tax purposes. If you and others set up a business as an LLC, you can choose to have the LLC taxed like a partnership or like a corporation, for federal income tax purposes. Articles of organization are filed with the Secretary of State's office to form an LLC. An operating agreement is then adopted which sets forth the internal rules governing administration and operation of the LLC. When protection from lawsuits is a primary goal, an LLC or corporation is the attorney's recommendation.
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Selecting a corporation as a form of business provides limited liability. You and other shareholders purchase shares of the corporation. The shareholder's liability is limited to the cost of the shares. There are two common types of corporations, "S" corporations and "C" corporations. An "S" corporation files its own tax return and any profit or loss is passed through to its shareholders. A "C" corporation files its own tax return and pays tax on its profits.
A corporation is formed by preparing and filing articles of incorporation and accompanying documents. After formation, bylaws are adopted that govern the internal administration and operation of the corporation. Directors are elected by the shareholders. The president and other officers of the corporation are chosen by the directors. Shareholders and directors have regularly scheduled meetings.
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Restricting transfers of stock or ownership interests
A buy-sell agreement is used when an owner wants to have the right to buy out another owner's interest in the business in the event of death, retirement, potential sale or termination of employment. The occurrence of one of those events triggers the buy out. The buy out price is established in the buy-sell agreement. Buy-sell agreements can be written to deal with many situations. Each situation presents many optional solutions. The business owners seek to agree on these solutions in advance, so there are no disputes when the buy out is triggered.
Our office provides legal services in the formation of corporations, LLCs, partnerships, proprietorships, and buy-sell agreements. Fees are available upon request.
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Fredrick Farber Attorney at Law Suite 202 110 Regent Court State College, PA 16801 (814) 238-0760 www.ffarber.com
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